GROUP OF DUTCH GLASS TRADE SEED BEADS CIRCA 1600+ APPROX 175 BEADS!

Description

GROUP OF DUTCH GLASS TRADE SEED BEADS CIRCA 1600+ APPROX 175 BEADS!
I am happy to sell other lengths, please see my other listings.
Group of Dutch Glass Trade Seed Beads Circa 1600+ Approx 175 Beads!!A necklace/strand made from authentic 17th C. glass beads produced in the Netherlands.This recently strung strand with a length of 12"/30 cm. is multi-colored and consists of approximately 350 authentic 17th century Dutch beads with a total length of 12 inches.The beads measure 1-3 mm thick and approximately 3-4 mm in diameterSome of the beads show slight discoloration due to nearly four centuries in the soil.Dutch glass beads, produced since the late 16th century were mainly used for trade in North and South America, Africa, and Indonesia.It is known that Henry Hudson bartered Dutch beads when travelling for the VOC in 1609, and, besides other goods, glass beads are discussed to have been paid for the purchase of Manhattan Island in 1626. They are found in early North American Iroquois and Susquehannock sites, but also on the Antilles, in East and West Africa, and on Bali.
Provenance: the beads offered here were excavated from an island on which a Dutch fort was built in the 1600's.
The history of Beads and Trade.Europeans realized early on that beads were important to Native Americans. The Dutch West India Company (W.I.C.) used the beads for trading with natives in America and Africa. Corporations such as the Hudson Bay Company and individuals such as Stephen A.
Frost developed lucrative bead-trading markets with the Indians. Contemporary prints exist of Indians wearing these beads. Also the East India Company (V.O.C.) must have used them for trade as Dutch Trade beads are also found also in Polynesia.The towns of Amsterdam and Middelburg were important places of manufacture for these glass bread,s making beads very like contemporary Venice, because the bead makers in Holland were themselves Venetians. The glass production was introduced in the Low Countries by Antonio Miotti, member of the famous Venetian glass and bead manufacturing family, first in Antwerp in 1590, and subsequently in Middelburg and in Amsterdam. The glass bead production technique in the Netherlands was different from that in Venice because the Dutch used potash instead of soda to liquify the glass for glass-blowing.Amsterdam.Although a glass bead industry is documented in Amsterdam from 1619 to at least 1679, recent archeological evidence suggests that the industry was operating near the edge of the old part of the city in the early 1590's. Manufacturing debris and more than 50,000 whole and fragmentary beads have been found. At the Waterlooplein in Amsterdam the fill of a ditch dating between ca. 1580 and 1593 included tubular bead fragments and fragments of glass tubing. A variety of artifacts producing evidence of the beadmaking industry was found in deposits dating from 1593 to 1596 and also included bone beads, jet beads, and an oblate black glass button. Two late 16th-century bead manufacturing sites were found at the west end of the Keizersgracht.
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